SQL (Structured Query Language)

Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL)

• Explain the relationship between a database and SQL
• Describe the purpose of DDL
• Describe the purpose of DML
• Build a SELECT statement to retrieve data from an Oracle Database table

Restricting and Sorting Data

• Use the ORDER BY clause to sort SQL query results
• Limit the rows that are retrieved by a query
• Use ampersand substitution to restrict and sort output at runtime

Using Single-Row Functions to Customize Output

• Use various types of functions available in SQL
• Use character, number, and date and analytical (PERCENTILE_CONT, STDDEV, LAG, LEAD) functions in SELECT statements

Using Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions

• Describe various types of conversion functions that are available in SQL
• Use the TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER, and TO_DATE conversion functions
• Apply conditional expressions in a SELECT statement

Reporting Aggregated Data Using the Group Functions

• Describe the use of group functions
• Group data by using the GROUP BY clause
• Include or exclude grouped rows by using the HAVING clause

Displaying Data from Multiple Tables

• Describe the different types of joins and their features
• Use SELECT statements to access data from more than one table using equijoins and nonequijoins
• Join a table to itself by using a self-join
• View data that generally does not meet a join condition by using outer joins

Using Subqueries to Solve Queries

• Define subqueries
• Describe the types of problems subqueries can solve
• Describe the types of subqueries
• Query data using correlated subqueries
• Update and delete rows using correlated subqueries
• Use single-row and multiple-row subqueries

Using the Set Operators

• Describe set operators
• Use a set operator to combine multiple queries into a single query
• Control the order of rows returned

Manipulating Data

• Truncate data
• Insert rows into a table
• Update rows in a table
• Delete rows from a table
• Control transactions

Using DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables

• Describe data types that are available for columns
• Create a simple table
• Create constraints for tables
• Drop columns and set column UNUSED
• Create and use external tables

Controlling User Access

• Differentiate system privileges from object privileges
• Grant privileges on tables and on a user
• Distinguish between privileges and roles

Managing Schema Objects

• Describe how schema objects work
• Create simple and complex views
• Create, maintain and use sequences
• Create and maintain indexes including invisible indexes and multiple indexes on the same columns
• Perform flashback operations

Manipulating Large Data Sets

• Describe the features of multitable INSERTs
• Merge rows in a table

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